![]() The term, hm, emerged with at least two distinct usages: 1) “Laborer” and 2) “Servant”. This was not a distinct term for "slave" but for prisoners of war, as already stated. History Old Kingdom ĭuring the Old Kingdom Period, prisoners of war captured by Kemit's army were called skrw-'nh ("bound for life"). The existence of slavery not only was profitable for ancient Egypt, but made it easier to keep power and stability of the Kingdoms. Egyptians wanted dominion over their kingdoms and would alter political and social ideas to benefit their economic state. Forms of forced labor and servitude are seen throughout all of ancient Egypt. ![]() Some Egyptian language refers to slave-like people as 'sqrw-anx', meaning "bound for life". Egyptian texts refer to words 'bAk' and 'Hm' that mean laborer or servant. The classifications of "servant," "peasant," and "slave" could describe different roles in different contexts. The word translated as "slave" from the Egyptian language does not neatly align with modern terms or traditional labor roles. Egypt's labor culture encompassed many people of various social ranks. But even these seemingly well-differentiated types of slavery are susceptible to individual interpretation. There were three types of enslavement in Ancient Egypt: chattel slavery, bonded labor, and forced labor. Discussions of slavery in Pharaonic Egypt are complicated by terminology used by the Egyptians to refer to different classes of servitude over the course of dynastic history interpretation of the textual evidence of classes of slaves in ancient Egypt has been difficult to differentiate by word usage alone. Slavery in ancient Egypt existed at least since the Old Kingdom period. Figurine from Egypt of semitic slave (2) Slavebeating ![]()
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